Dravya (द्रव्य) refers to “drugs” and represents one of the four pādas or factors to make a treatment perfect. The Ayurvedic system says that the body (śarīra) is also pañcabhautika and the medicines i.e. plants and animals are also pañcabhautika. The four pādas or factors to make a treatment perfect are:
1. Bhiṣak: Vaidya-doctor
2. Dravya: drugs
3. Paricāraka: bystander/helper and
4. Rogī: Patient.
If these four pādas perfectly merge the treatment will be a success.
Have compiled the Dravya names and their botanical names which I studied when I was in 2nd Year BAMS. Hoping it will be useful for some students.
| Ajamoda | Apium graveolens |
|---|---|
| Adhaki | Cajanus cajan |
| Ajaji | Cuminum cyminum |
| Akhuparna | Ipomoea reniformis |
| Amalaka | Emblica officinalis |
| Akshoda | Juglans regia |
| Aswattha | Ficus religiosa |
| Ambastha | Tamarix articulata |
| Ajwain | Trachyspermum ammi |
| Agnimantha | Premna integrifolia |
| Ashwangandha | Withania somnifera |
| Asana | Pterocarpus marsupium |
| Ativisha | Aconitum heterophyllum |
| Aamra | Mangifera indica |
| Agaru | Aquilaria agallocha |
| Ahiphena | Papaver somniferum |
| Akarkara | Anacyclus pyrethrum |
| Alsi | Linum usitatissimum |
| Aragvadha | Cassia fistula |
| Amba haldi | Curcuma aromatica |
| Amlavetasa | Garcinia pedunculata |
| Apamarga | Achyranthes aspera |
| Amra gandha | Curcuma amda |
| Aparajita | Clitoria ternatea |
| Arjuna | Terminalia arjuna |
| Arka | Calotropis procera |
| Ashoka | Saraca indica |
| Agastya | Sesbania grandiflora |
| Atibala | Abutilon indicum |
| Ankola | Alangium lamarckii |
| Ardraka | Zingiber officinale |
| Arjaka | Orthosiphon pallidus |
| Asthi shrinkhala | Cissus quandrangularis |
| Bakula | Mimusops elengi |
| Bimbi | Coccinia indica |
| Bhumyamalaki | Phyllanthus niruri |
| Bakuchi | Psoralea corylifolia |
| Babool | Acacia arabica |
| Badara | Zizyphus jujuba |
| Bala | Sida cordifolia |
| Bharangi | Clerodendrum Serratum |
| Brihati | Solanum indicum |
| Bhunimba | Andrographis paniculata |
| Bilwa | Aegle marmelos |
| Brahmi | Bacopa monnieri |
| Bhallataka | Semecarpus anacardium |
| Bhringaraja | Eclipta alba |
| Bhumi amla | Phyllanthus niruri |
| Bhanga | Cannabis sativa |
| Chakramarda | Cassia tora |
| Chitraka | Plumbago zeylanica |
| Chandana | Santalum album |
| Chandrashura | Lepidium sativum |
| Chavya | Piper cubeba |
| Chopachini | Smilax china |
| Choraka | Angelica glauca |
| Chameli | Jasminum officinale |
| Champaka | Michelia champaka |
| Changeri | Oxalis corniculata |
| Chincha | Tamarindus indica |
| Chiru bilwa | Holoptelia integrifolia |
| Dalchini | Cinnamonum zeylanica |
| Darbha | Eragrostis cynosuroides |
| Dronapushpi | Leucas cephalotes |
| Dhyamaka | Cymbopogon martini |
| Duralabha | Mucuna pruriens |
| Danti | Baliospermum montanum |
| Dadima | Punica granatum |
| Devadaru | Cedrus deodar |
| Draksha | Vitis vinfera |
| Dhanyaka | Coriandrum sativum |
| Daruharidra | Berberis aristata |
| Dhattura | Datura metel |
| Duralabha | Fagonia cretica |
| Dhataki | Woodfordia fruticosa |
| Durva | Cynodon dactylon |
| Ela | Elettaria cardamomum |
| Eranda | Ricinus communis |
| Eswara moola | Aristolochia indica |
| Gajar | Daucus carota |
| Gandira | Albizzia lebbeck |
| Gavakshi | Citrullus colocynthis |
| Gambhari | Gmelina arborea |
| Gaja Pippali | Scindapsus officinalis |
| Guduchi | Tinospora cordifolia |
| Gandha prasarini | Paederia Foetida |
| Ghrita Kumari | Aloe vera barbadensis |
| Gojihva | Onosma Bracteatum |
| Gokshura | Tribulus terristris |
| Gorakhmundi | Sphaeranthus Indicus |
| Guggulu | Commiphora mukul |
| Gunja | Abrus precatorius |
| Hadjod | Cissus quadrangularis |
| Haridra | Curcuma longa |
| Hamsapadi | Adiantum lunulatum |
| Haritaki | Terminalia chebula |
| Hrivera | Pavonia odorata |
| Hingu | Ferula foetida |
| Hapusha | Sphaeranthus indicus |
| Indravaruni | Citrullus Colocynthis |
| Ikshu | Saccharum officinarium |
| Indrayava | Holarrhena Antidysenterica Seeds |
| Ingudi | Balanites aegyptiaca |
| Irimeda | Acacia farnesiana |
| Isabgol | Plantago ovata |
| Ikshura | Astercantha longifolia |
| Ikshwaku | Lageneria vulgaris |
| Jatiphala | Myristica fragrans |
| Jalakanda | Trapa bispinosa |
| Jambeera | Citrus limon |
| Jambu | Syzgium cumini |
| Japa | Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis |
| Jatamamsi | Nardostachys jatamamsi |
| Jivanti | Leptadenia reticulata |
| Kanchanara | Bauhinia vareigata |
| Karkandhu | Zizyphus nummularia |
| Kantakari | Solanum xanthocarpum |
| Kaccholam | Curcuma zedoria |
| Kusha | Desmostachya bipinnata |
| Kasa | Saccharum spontaneum |
| Kakanasika | Martynia diandra |
| Kakoli | Roscoea procera |
| Kakaoudambarika | Ficus hispida |
| Kataka | Strychnos potatorum |
| Kasamarda | Cassia occidentalis |
| Kundurushka | Boswellia serrata |
| Kadamba | Anthocephalus indicus |
| Kapittha | Feronia limonia |
| Kalamegha | Andrographis paniculata |
| Karavira | Nerium indicum |
| Karpas | Gossypium herbaceum |
| Karpur | Cinnamomum camphora |
| Karkatashringi | Pistacia integerrima |
| Kapikacchu | Mucuna pruriens |
| Kumkuma | Crocus sativus |
| Ketaki | Pandanus tectorius |
| Kushmanda | Cucurbita pepo |
| Kaseruka | Scripsus grossus |
| Kulattha | Dolichos biflorus |
| Kalonji | Nigella sativa |
| Kuchandana | Coscinium fenestratum |
| Kuchala | Strychnos nuxvomica |
| Katukarohini | Picrorhiza kurroa |
| Kramuka | Areca catechu |
| Koshataki | Luffa acutangula |
| Kodrava | Paspalum scrobiculatum |
| Kuberaksha | Caesalpinia crista |
| Kirata tikta | Swertia chirata |
| Karanja | Pongamia pinnata |
| Karavi | Carum carvi |
| Katphala | Myrica nagi |
| Kashmarya | Gmelina arborea |
| Katphala | Myrica nagi |
| Kamala | Nelumbo nucifera |
| Kantakari | Solanum xanthocarpum |
| Kutaja | Holarrhena antidysenterica |
| Kushta | Sausserea lappa |
| Khadira | Acacia catechu |
| Kharjura | Phoenix dactylifera |
| Karavella | Momordica charantia |
| Kushthumburu | Coriandrum sativum |
| Kampillaka | Mallotus philippinensis |
| Kumuda | Nymphea alba |
| Lamajja | Cymbopogon jwarancusa |
| Langali | Gloriosa superba |
| Lodhra | Symplocos racemosa |
| Lakucha | Artocarpus lakoocha |
| Lasuna | Allium sativum |
| Lajjalu | Mimosa pudica |
| Laksha | Laccifer lacca |
| Lata Karanja | Caesalpinia crista |
| Lavanga | Syzygium aromaticum |
| Madhuka | Madhuca indica |
| Madayanti | Lawsonia inermis |
| Maha nimba | Melia azadirach |
| Madhu snuhi | Smilax china |
| Mandukaparni | Centella asiatica |
| Maricha | Piper nigrum |
| Matulunga | Citrus medica |
| Meda | Polygonatum verticillatum |
| Madhulika | Eleusine carocana |
| Masura | Lens culinaria |
| Mriganabhi | Moschus moschiferus |
| Masha | Phaseolus mungo |
| Mridwika | Vitis vinfera |
| Madanaphala | Randia dumetorum |
| Mamira | Coptis teeta |
| Mochrasa | Salmalia malabarica |
| Mahabala | Sida rhombifolia |
| Moolika | Raphanus sativus |
| Mashaparni | Teramnus labialis |
| Manjishta | Rubia cordifolia |
| Mudgaparni | Phaseolus trilobus |
| Musta | Cyperus rotundus |
| Mundi | Sphaeranthus indicus |
| Murva | Sansevieria Roxburghiana |
| Musali Kali | Curculigo orchioides |
| Musali safed | Asparagus adscendens |
| Malkangani | Celastrus paniculata |
| Nagakesara | Mesua ferrea |
| Nirgundi | Vitex negundo |
| Naranga | Citrus reticulata |
| Narikela | Cocos nucifera |
| Nimba | Azadirachta indica |
| Nyagrodha | Ficus bengalensis |
| Nirvishi | Delphinium denudatum |
| Nilini | Indigofera tinctoria |
| Nakha | Helix aspera |
| Nagavalli | Piper betle |
| Nichula | Barringtonia acutangula |
| Nagadanti | Baliospermum montanum |
| Punarnava | Boerhaavia diffusa |
| Phalgu | Ficus hispida |
| Payasya | Holostemma rheedianum |
| Patranga / Patra | Cinnamomum tamala |
| Punnaga | Calophyllum inophyllum |
| Putika | Holptelea integrifolia |
| Prishniparni | Uraria picta |
| Paribhadra | Erythrina variegata |
| Pushkaramula | Inula racemosa |
| Parushaka | Grewia asiatica |
| Palasha | Butea monosperma |
| Palandu | Allium cepa |
| Plaksha | Ficus lacor |
| Phalini | Callicarpa macrophylla |
| Padmaka | Prunus cerasoides |
| Pashanabheda | Berginia ligulata |
| Patola | Trichosanthes Dioica |
| Parpataka | Fumaria parviflora |
| Patha | Cissampelos pareira |
| Pippali | Piper longum |
| Patala | Stereospermum suaveolens |
| Putranjeevaka | Putranjiva roxbhurghii |
| Parasika Yavani | Hyoscyamus niger |
| Rohitaka | Tecomella undulata |
| Rudraksha | Elaeocarpus ganitrus |
| Rohisha | Cymbopogon martini |
| Rishabhaka | Microstylis wallichhi |
| Rasona | Allium sativum |
| Rasna | Pluchea lanceolata |
| Sprikka | Delphinium zalil |
| Sahadevi | Sida rhombifolia |
| Saireya | Barleria cristata |
| Sankhini | Acacia concinna |
| Saptaranga | Salacia chinensis |
| Sarshapa | Brassica campestris |
| Shigru | Moringa oleifera |
| Sarja niryasa | Vateria indica |
| Somavalli | Ephedra vulgaris |
| Salmali | Bombax malabarica |
| Snuhi | Euphorbia nerifolia |
| Shalaparni | Desmodium gangetium |
| Saptaparni | Alstonia scholaris |
| Shatavari | Asparagus racemosus |
| Sariva | Hemedismus indicus |
| Sunthi | Zingiber officinale |
| Sarpagandha | Rauwolfia serpentina |
| Shankhapushpi | Evolvulus alsinoides |
| Sharapunkha | Tephrosia purpurea |
| Sirisha | Albizzia lebbeck |
| Somlata | Ephedra gerardiana |
| Shatapushpi | Anethum sowa |
| Syonaka | Oroxylum indicum |
| Surana | Amorphophallus campanulatus |
| Sriveshtaka | Pinus longifolia |
| Sringataka | Trapa bispinosa |
| Shyama | Ipomea turpethum |
| Sathi | Curcuma zeodoria |
| Tanduliyaka | Amaranthus spinosus |
| Tagara | Valeriana wallichii |
| Talaparna | Chlorophytum tuberosum |
| Tala pushpa | Borassus flabellifer |
| Takkola | Illcium verum |
| Tejovati | Zanthoxylum armatum |
| Tulasi | Ocimum sanctum |
| Talisapatra | Abies webbiana |
| Tejapatra | Cinnamomum tamala |
| Tila | Sesamum indicum |
| Trayamana | Gentiana kurroa |
| Tuvaraka | Hydnocarpus laurifolia |
| Tumburu | Zanthoxylum alatum |
| Tugakshiri | Bambusa arundinaca |
| Trivrit | Operculina thurpethum |
| Urvaru | Cucumis melo |
| Upodika | Basella rubra |
| Udumbara | Ficus glomerata |
| Ucchata | Blepharis edulis |
| Utkata | Sesbania bispinosa |
| Upakunchika | Nigella sativa |
| Utpala | Nymphaea Caerulea |
| Ushira | Vetiveria zizanioides |
| Vasuka | Osmanthus fragrans |
| Vatsanabha | Aconitum ferox |
| Vriddhadaru | Argyreia speciosa |
| Vidula | Salix caprea |
| Vishamushti | Strychnos nuxvomica |
| Vrikshamla | Garcinia indica |
| Vidarikand | Pueraria tuberosa |
| Varuna | Crataeva nurvala |
| Vata | Ficus benghalensis |
| Vishnukranta | Evolvulus alsinoides |
| Vamsa | Bambusa bambos |
| Vacha | Acorus calamus |
| Vasa | Adhathoda vasica |
| Vyaghra nakha | Capparis sepiaria |
| Vrischikali | Pergularia extensa |
| Yashtimadhu | Glycyrrhiza Glabra |
| Yavasa | Alhagi camelorum |
| Yuthi | Jasminum auriculatum |
| Yava | Hordeum vulgare |
Hello!!
I’m Dr. Malini Bhat MD (Ayu); an Ayurvedic Doctor and a health blogger. Follow me on social media to get daily health tips which you can easily adapt to a healthy lifestyle.