The 13th chapter of Madhava Nidanam is Svara Bheda Nidanam that is it deals with Hoarseness of Voice. Hoarseness (dysphonia) is when your voice sounds raspy, strained or breathy. The volume (how loud or soft you speak) may be different and so may the pitch (how high or low your voice sounds). There are many causes of hoarseness but, fortunately, most are not serious and tend to go away after a short time.
Chapter 12 – Hikka Shvasa Nidanam
The 12th chapter of Madhava Nidana deals with Hikka Shvasa Nidana i.e., Hiccup and dyspnoea. Hiccups are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm — the muscle that separates your chest from your abdomen and plays an important role in breathing. Each contraction is followed by a sudden closure of your vocal cords, which produces the characteristic “hic” sound.
Chapter 11 – Kasa Nidanam
The 11th chapter of Madhava Nidana deals with Kasa i.e,. diagnosis of cough. A cough is your body’s way of responding when something irritates your throat or airways. An irritant stimulates nerves that send a message to your brain. The brain then tells muscles in your chest and abdomen to push air out of your lungs to force out the irritant.
Chapter 10 — Rajayakshma – Kshatakshina Nidanam
The 10th chapter of Madhava Nidana deals with Rajayakshma – Kshatakshina Nidana ie., Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis or Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
Chapter 9 – Raktapitta Nidana
The 9th chapter of Madhava Nidana deals with Raktapitta i.e., Diagnosis of the Haemorrhagic Disorders. Hereditary bleeding disorders occur due to the absence or deficiency of specific clotting proteins. The three most common hereditary bleeding disorders are hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency), hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) and von Willebrand disease
Chapter 8 – Pandu Roga, Kamala, Kumbha kamala, Halimaka Nidanam
The eighth chapter of Madhava Nidana deals with Pandu Roga, Kamala, Kumbha kamala, Halimaka Nidanam which can be co related to Anaemia, Jaundice, Chlorosis etc.,